En 2023, México destinó 66,278 millones de pesos al tratamiento de aguas residuales, cifra que representó apenas 0.21% del PIB. Ese mismo año se descargaron sin procesar 24,918 millones de metros cúbicos, de acuerdo con datos del INEGI.
Las cifras colocan al país con un cumplimiento de 69.9% del ODS6 de “Agua limpia y saneamiento”, por debajo del promedio regional de 72.6%, según estimaciones de BBVA Research.
El diagnóstico nacional coincide con lo que ocurre a escala global. La Semana Mundial del Agua, que se desarrolla en Estocolmo pone el centro de atención en esta problemática bajo el lema “Agua para la acción climática”. De hecho, expertos advierten que solo 60% de la población mundial está conectada a sistemas de alcantarillado y que entre 30% y 40% de las aguas residuales recibe tratamiento adecuado.
En los países de ingresos bajos y medios, hasta 92% de las descargas se vierten sin ningún proceso, situación que ha motivado a foros como la Conferencia IWA ECOSTP 2025 a promover tecnologías orientadas a recuperar nutrientes y energía, con la mirada puesta en una economía circular del agua.
En México, de las 2,642 plantas de tratamiento instaladas, únicamente 57% opera con eficiencia, y apenas 40% de los municipios aplica esquemas de reutilización del recurso, de acuerdo con información de AGQ Labs y la Comisión Nacional del Agua (CONAGUA).
Frente a estas limitaciones, Rotoplas, encabezada por Carlos Rojas, ha desarrollado soluciones descentralizadas. Sus biodigestores compactos y prefabricados han sido implementados en comunidades sin drenaje y han beneficiado a más de 1.2 millones de personas en zonas rurales y comercios desde 2021.
El modelo Biodigestor Plus de Rotoplas cumple con la NOM-006-CONAGUA-1997, integra biocarriers que permiten eliminar un 25% adicional de contaminantes y utiliza hasta 35% de material reciclado en su fabricación. Su alcance varía entre 4 y 45 personas por unidad y busca reducir emisiones de metano. En ciudades como Mérida, con baja cobertura hidráulica y normativas estrictas, este tipo de soluciones ha cobrado particular relevancia.
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